Each plant is unique. Size, shape, fullness, and variegation will vary.
Variegated Serissa |
Serissa japonica
This small woody shrub is grown for its dense branching, tiny leaves edged or patterned with creamy white and its delicate white flowers. The species is native to southern China and Taiwan and has long been cultivated as a bonsai because its naturally fine branching and small foliage create the appearance of a miniature tree. Established plants can flower repeatedly when actively growing, producing small star-shaped blooms that stand out against the variegated foliage.
Growth is naturally shrubby and highly branched rather than vining or climbing. Left to grow, it develops into a small woody shrub, while regular pruning can maintain the compact tree-like shape commonly associated with Serissa bonsai. New shoots develop along the branches and gradually become woody as they mature. Pruning encourages additional branching, but allowing periods of active growth between trims gives the plant enough foliage to support its root system and continued development.
For natural light, place it directly in an east-facing window or within approximately 1–2 feet of a south-facing window. Aim for approximately 1,000–2,000 foot-candles at the foliage. Foot-candles simply tell you how much light is actually reaching your plant. Useful light supports dense branching, compact new growth, variegation and flowering. Too little light can produce longer spaces between leaves, weaker shoots and reduced flowering. Window direction and distance are starting points because season, trees, overhangs, screens and glass can change the amount of light reaching the plant.
Under grow lights, use a 5000–6500K full-spectrum grow light approximately 8–12 inches above the canopy as a starting point, aiming for approximately 1,000–2,000 foot-candles across the foliage. Kelvin tells you the color of the light, while foot-candles tell you how much light is actually reaching the plant. Because this is a densely branched shrub, good coverage across the entire canopy helps prevent one side from becoming strong while interior or lower growth receives very little usable light.
Water when your plant needs watered. Unlike plants that store significant amounts of water in thick leaves, stems or swollen roots, this plant does best when the root system is not repeatedly pushed through severe dry periods. Allow some moisture to be used before watering thoroughly again, while avoiding a dense growing medium that remains saturated for long periods. Bonsai containers can dry considerably faster than standard nursery pots because they hold a much smaller volume of growing medium, so the plant itself and the root zone are better guides than a calendar.
Read the newest growth and the root zone together. Soft or wilting foliage can accompany a plant that has used too much of its available water, while a pot that remains wet for a long period is a reason to look at drainage, root health, potting mix and available light. Long, weak new shoots or increasingly wide spaces between leaves can point toward insufficient light. Some leaf drop can occur following a significant environmental change, so look at the direction of the newest growth rather than judging the plant from a single response.
Success looks like dense, fine branching covered in small variegated leaves, with sturdy new shoots and repeated flushes of growth. Under useful light, an established plant can also produce its small white flowers, sometimes in multiple flushes. Healthy new growth, compact spacing between leaves, active branching and a root zone that moves through water at a steady rate are strong signs that its environment is working well.
