Euphorbia (Euphorbia spp.) is a very large genus of plants with more than 2,000 species, also known as spurge. About 1,200 of them are succulents, some with bizarre shapes and wide, fleshy leaves and others that look remarkably like cacti, complete with spines.

Euphorbia is a diverse genus, with species and subgenera frequently added and removed. It includes annual, perennial,and biennial species. You'll find herbaceous plants, woody shrubs, and both deciduous and evergreen species. Their linking characteristic is the presence of a milky white sap

The species of Euphorbia grown for landscape use or as houseplants are mostly succulents, which feature fascinating shapes and foliage. A few are known for their flowers. One of the most popular Euphorbia species that is not a succulent is the holiday poinsettia.

Most Euphorbia bloom in the spring or summer and go dormant in the winter. In general, it’s best to plant species in the spring after the threat of frost has passed, though houseplants typically can be started at any point. The species growth rates vary, from slow to fairly quickly.

All Euphorbia are toxic to people, dogs, and cats.1 The level of toxicity in the plant varies from species to species.

Euphorbia are very low-maintenance. They require some pampering at first, but once they are established, these plants are quite self-sufficient. In fact, more die from too much care, especially overwatering, than from neglect. They are fairly hardy and make great plants for beginners.

It's critical to provide Euphorbia with well-draining soil. Soggy soil can quickly cause root rot and kill a plant. If you're growing your plant in a container, the pot must have ample drainage holes. An unglazed clay pot is best, because excess moisture can evaporate through its walls.

Provide your plant with lots of sunlight and periodic watering. Avoid overhead watering, which can cause powdery mildew and other fungal problems on the foliage. Pruning is typically only necessary for overgrown plants to bring them back to a manageable size.

Light

Euphorbia plants prefer full sun, meaning at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight on most days, though some species can tolerate part shade. In hot climates, some afternoon shade can be helpful for most species.

Soil

All Euphorbia, especially the succulent varieties, need well-draining soil. A sandy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral ph soil between 5.0 and 7.0 is best, though most will do fine in slightly alkaline soil as well. When grown in containers, Euphorbia should be planted in a cactus/succulent potting mix.

From spring to fall, when the plant is actively growing, water whenever the top few inches of soil feel dry. During the winter, reduce watering to only when the plant shows signs of wilt.