Terrarium Plants

Caring for plants in a terrarium requires attention to the unique conditions of a closed or open container environment. Here’s a guide on how to properly care for terrarium plants:

1. Choosing the Right Plants:

  • Low-Light Plants: Most terrarium plants prefer low to moderate light. Choose plants that thrive in indirect light, like ferns, mosses, air plants (Tillandsia), ivy, and fittonia. Avoid plants that need bright sunlight, like succulents, unless you have an open terrarium.

2. Light:

  • Indirect Light: Place the terrarium in a spot with bright but indirect light, such as near a window with a sheer curtain. Too much direct sunlight can lead to overheating or burning the plants.
  • Artificial Lighting: If natural light is insufficient, you can use grow lights designed for plants to provide adequate lighting.

3. Humidity:

  • Closed Terrariums: These retain moisture and maintain high humidity, which is ideal for plants like ferns and moss. Make sure there is some ventilation (a small gap in the lid or top) to prevent mold growth.
  • Open Terrariums: These have lower humidity levels, so you'll need to water more frequently and choose plants that tolerate drier conditions, like succulents or air plants.

4. Watering:

  • Watering Frequency: Plants in a terrarium should not be over-watered. Water sparingly, as the enclosed environment can lead to excessive moisture. Typically, you'll only need to water every 2-3 weeks.
  • Watch for Condensation: If you see excess condensation on the walls of a closed terrarium, this is a sign that you're watering too much. Allow the terrarium to dry out slightly by removing the lid for a day or two.
  • Drainage: If your terrarium is closed, ensure there’s a layer of small stones or gravel at the bottom for drainage. This prevents water from accumulating at the roots and causing rot.

5. Temperature:

  • Ideal Temperature: Most terrarium plants do well in temperatures between 60–75°F (15–24°C). Avoid placing your terrarium in drafty areas or near sources of heat (like radiators), as temperature extremes can harm the plants.

6. Air Circulation:

  • Closed Terrariums: While they keep moisture in, too much moisture can lead to mold growth. Open the lid occasionally to allow the air to circulate and freshen the environment. However, keep it closed for most of the time to maintain humidity.
  • Open Terrariums: Ensure that air can circulate freely, as these plants are less tolerant of high humidity.

7. Fertilizing:

  • Occasional Fertilizing: Terrarium plants don't need much fertilizer, but you can give them a small amount of diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer (about once every 6-8 weeks) during the growing season (spring and summer). Avoid fertilizing in winter when growth slows.

8. Pruning:

  • Regular Trimming: Over time, some plants in your terrarium might grow too large or out of shape. Trim them regularly to maintain the aesthetic and prevent overcrowding. Use clean scissors to avoid spreading diseases.
  • Remove Dead Leaves: Remove any yellowing or decaying plant material to maintain air quality and prevent mold growth.

9. Cleaning:

  • Keep the Glass Clean: Clean the inside of the glass periodically to remove dust, watermarks, or algae buildup. Use a soft cloth and non-toxic cleaner. If your terrarium is getting moldy or has algae, you may need to adjust watering and light conditions.
  • Cleaning Plants: Gently wipe dust off plant leaves with a soft cloth or use a small brush to clean them.

10. Container Type:

  • Glass Containers: Glass is the most common material for terrariums because it holds moisture well. It also allows for visibility, so you can monitor your plants’ health.
  • Open vs. Closed: Decide whether you want a closed or open terrarium based on the plants you choose. Closed terrariums are better for moisture-loving plants, while open ones are suitable for plants that prefer drier conditions.

11. Troubleshooting Common Issues:

  • Mold: If mold appears, it’s usually due to excessive moisture. Reduce watering, improve air circulation, and remove moldy plant material.
  • Yellowing Leaves: This can be a sign of overwatering, too much direct sunlight, or a lack of nutrients. Adjust the care routine accordingly.
  • Stunted Growth: If plants aren’t growing well, check if they’re getting enough light and adjust the watering schedule.